An Ibadan based journalist and broadcaster, Olayinka Oladeji of LeadCity 89.1FM as shed more light into different rocks in Nigeria and how important they are to humanity.
In a documentary made on youtube, Olayinka revealed that individuals in the society visit these rocks for relaxation as well as exposure.
However, our country Nigeria, located in West Africa, is rich in geological diversity, offering a variety of rock formations that span several geological periods. The country’s rock formations hold significant economic, scientific, and cultural value. From the sedimentary basins that are the lifeblood of the oil industry to the ancient crystalline basement complexes, Nigeria’s geology provides critical insights into the Earth’s history and resources.
Major Rock Types in Nigeria
1. Basement Complex Rocks
The Basement Complex of Nigeria consists mainly of Precambrian rocks, which are among the oldest on Earth, dating back over 600 million years. These rocks are primarily found in the southwestern and north-central regions and include:
- Granites: Widely distributed, granites in Nigeria are often used as construction materials and are significant in the production of aggregates.
- Gneisses and Schists: These metamorphic rocks are prevalent in the Basement Complex. They are important for understanding the metamorphic history of the region.
- Migmatites: These rocks are a mixture of metamorphic and igneous components, reflecting the complex geological processes that have shaped Nigeria’s crust.
2. Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks in Nigeria are predominantly found in the sedimentary basins, which include:
- Niger Delta Basin: One of the world’s most prolific oil-producing regions, the Niger Delta Basin’s sedimentary rocks are vital for Nigeria’s economy. They are primarily composed of sandstones, shales, and clays deposited during the Tertiary period.
- Benue Trough: This elongated basin contains a rich sequence of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, including limestones, sandstones, and shales. The Benue Trough is significant for its hydrocarbon potential and mineral deposits.
- Chad Basin: Located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, this basin consists of Tertiary and Quaternary sediments, playing a crucial role in groundwater resources and potential hydrocarbon reserves.
3. Volcanic Rocks
Volcanic rocks are less widespread in Nigeria but are still notable, especially in the Jos Plateau:
- Basalts: These volcanic rocks are common in the Jos Plateau and surrounding areas. They are significant for their fertile soils, which support agriculture.
- Trachytes: Also found in the Jos Plateau, these rocks are part of the volcanic activity that has shaped the region’s unique topography.
Economic Importance of Nigerian Rocks
1. Mineral Resources
Nigeria’s diverse geological landscape is rich in minerals, many of which are associated with specific rock types:
- Gold: Found within the schist belts of the Basement Complex, gold mining is a significant economic activity in regions like Zamfara and Osun.
- Coal: Associated with the sedimentary rocks of the Anambra Basin, coal mining was historically important for Nigeria’s industrialization.
- Tin and Columbite: These minerals are found in the Younger Granites of the Jos Plateau and were historically significant to Nigeria’s economy.
2. Oil and Gas
The sedimentary basins, particularly the Niger Delta, are central to Nigeria’s oil and gas industry. The vast reserves of petroleum found within these sedimentary rocks have made Nigeria one of the leading oil producers globally.
3. Construction Materials
Granites and other rocks from the Basement Complex are extensively used in construction. Their durability and aesthetic appeal make them ideal for buildings, monuments, and road construction.
Geological Tourism
Nigeria’s geological formations also offer significant tourism potential. The Zuma Rock, Aso Rock, and Olumo Rock are prominent landmarks that attract tourists for their natural beauty and cultural significance.